what does temperate mean in shakespe

2 min read 22-01-2025

Shakespeare's language, while rich and beautiful, can be challenging for modern readers. Many words have evolved in meaning over the centuries, and "temperate" is a prime example. Understanding its nuances in Shakespeare's works is key to appreciating his character portrayals and dramatic subtleties. This article will explore the different meanings of "temperate" as used by the Bard.

Beyond the Modern Definition: Shakespeare's "Temperate"

Today, we primarily associate "temperate" with a moderate climate or a calm disposition. While Shakespeare sometimes uses the word in a way that aligns with these modern interpretations, its usage is far more multifaceted. He frequently employs it to describe a person's character or behavior, often with a slightly different emphasis than we'd expect.

1. Moderate and Restrained

Shakespeare sometimes uses "temperate" in a way that aligns closely with our modern understanding of the word. This refers to a person showing moderation in their actions, speech, and desires. They are not prone to extremes of emotion or behavior. For example, a character described as "temperate" might be seen as level-headed, calm under pressure, and avoiding excessive indulgence.

2. Self-Controlled and Chaste

In several of Shakespeare's plays, "temperate" carries a stronger connotation of self-control, particularly in the context of sexual behavior. A temperate character might be described as chaste, virtuous, and resisting temptation. This meaning highlights the importance of moderation and restraint within a moral framework. This usage often appears in descriptions of virtuous female characters.

3. Balanced and Harmonious

Beyond the individual level, Shakespeare sometimes uses "temperate" to describe a harmonious state or balance. This could refer to a well-ordered society, a balanced temperament within a person, or even the harmonious blending of different elements in a work of art. The emphasis is on the absence of conflict or extreme imbalance.

Examples in Shakespeare's Works

Let's examine specific instances where Shakespeare employs "temperate" to illuminate its contextual meaning:

Hamlet: While not directly describing a character as "temperate," the play explores themes of temperance and its opposite – uncontrolled passion. Hamlet's own internal struggle highlights the consequences of unchecked emotions. The conflict between reason and impulse is a central theme, implicitly contrasting temperance with its absence.
Measure for Measure: This play grapples directly with themes of morality and restraint. Characters wrestle with their desires and the societal expectations surrounding chastity and temperance. The play's title itself suggests the importance of moderation and just measure.
Sonnets: Shakespeare's sonnets frequently explore themes of love, beauty, and the passage of time. Within this framework, the concept of temperance, whether applied to emotions or actions, often appears implicitly or explicitly.

Conclusion: Context is Key

Understanding Shakespeare's use of "temperate" requires careful attention to its context. While it shares some overlap with the modern understanding, it often possesses additional layers of meaning related to self-control, chastity, and harmony. By examining its usage across his diverse works, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the richness and complexity of Shakespeare's language and his profound insights into human nature. The word's meaning is not fixed; it shifts and deepens depending on its place within the overall narrative. So, next time you encounter "temperate" in a Shakespearean text, remember to consider the context to fully grasp its intended meaning.